The number of posts thet need to happen before you can make a new summon are like this.
Academy Student: wa wa waaaaaaaaa
Genin: 100 posts
Chunin: 125 posts
Special Jonin: 200 posts
Jonin: 300 posts
Kage or equivalent rank: 500 posts
However instead of making a new summon when the time comes and you are able to make a new summon instead you can upgrade a prexisting one, by training with it I don't know just do it, However you can only upgrade a summon only one more rank then you could do it in te first place. SO a genin can not have an S rank Turtle. The duration of the summon stays the same as it was when it first started out as, so when you have B rank Ostrich you can still have it as long as it was when it was a C rank.